What is MIDI?

What is Musical Instrument Digital Interface?

MIDI (Musical Instrument Digital Interface) is a communication protocol between electronic musical instruments, computers, and other devices. MIDI is not an audio. It transmits commands and data:

• musical notes (note-on, note-off, etc.),
• timing,
• control messages (knob/slider position, volume, modulation, change instrument),
• other parameters.

MIDI data is typically transmitted using standard MIDI cables or through wireless Bluetooth connections. MIDI over Wi-Fi also exists. Read more...

Sound generation is produced by hardware synthesizer or computer. MIDI keyboard or other controller send commands to the generator. Last one produces sound.. This means that MIDI messages can be used to trigger and control a wide range of the sound generators.

MIDI connectors

MIDI connectors have 4 types:

• 5DIN, length up to 50 feet (15 meters),
• USB, version 2.0's length up to 16 feet 5 inches (5 meters).
• Wireless Bluetooth.
• Wireless Wi-Fi.

What MIDI connection is preferable? It is rather matter of available connector type on the used device. Distance between devices may be matter.

To connect traditional MIDI device with 5-pin connector to computer, use adapter DIN5 to USB.

Sound generators

• synthesizers,
• drum machines,
• samplers,
• software virtual instruments on a computer, smartphone, tablet,
• sequencers,
• others.

MIDI controllers

• keyboards,
• knob/pad panel,
• guitar,
• brass controller,
• others.

Conclusions

MIDI has become a ubiquitous industry standard for music production, performance, and recording. It provides flexible and precise control over musical units. The interface making it possible to create intricate compositions, perform live with elaborate setups. The protocol integrates MIDI devices with various software and hardware systems.

References

MIDI specification

Read more

• Wireless MIDI >